Start studying Edexcel A-Level Biology Topic 6 Pack Content. They proliferate to become plasma cells that secrete specific antibodies into the blood stream - humoral immunity. What are some examples of inappropriate antimicrobial use? Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to cover point 6.6 of the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) specification and ties in directly with the previous lesson where the structure of bacteria and viruses were compared. Edexcel (B) Biology A-level Topic 6: Microbiology and Pathogens Notes www.pmt.education. Questions organised by topic, past papers & mark schemes. A Level Biology: Topic 6 (Edexcel) Flashcard Maker: Livy Burgess. Edexcel A-Level Biology Paper 1 REVISION LESSONS (The Natural Environment and species survival) This bundle of 6 revision lessons covers the content in topics 1 - 6 of the Edexcel A-level Biology (Salters Nuffield) specification that can be assessed in Paper 1 (The Natural Environment and species survival). Unlimited access to updates and additions. Artificially produced from a single plasma cell - clones, pregnancy tests, diagnosis of disease, research, measuring and monitoring, treating disease such as cancer - tumour markers on cell surface can be targetted, - mouse derived so risk of infection - can be genetically engineered to be humanised but this takes time and money, Antigen Presenting Cell - presents antigen epitopes as foreign to T cells to trigger a specific immune response, 1. the surface antigen of a pathogen is taken up by a B cell during phagocytosis. tetraycline which binds to 30s ribosome subunits, Describe the process of acquiring antibiotic resistance, Describe what is meant by the term 'Evolutionary Arms Race'. Decks: Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, And more! Topic 1: Key Concepts in Biology. What are the advantages and disadvantages of DNA profiling? 0 audio & 2 images. Description. We have worked hard to compile every past paper by topic and exam board! Membranes. Edexcel A Level Biology Topic 6: Immunity, Infection and Forensics This topic starts by looking at how forensic pathologists use a wide variety of analytical techniques to determine identity and the time and cause of death of an organism, including humans. unique to individual doesn't change use any cell degradescross contaminationonly few repeated sequences - less likely to be uniquemutations. Topic 7: Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis. Factors affecting the rate of heat loss from a body. Chemistry. Edexcel Biology GCSE Paper 2 Flashcard Maker: mariam b. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Run for your Life Revision Notes: 7.1 Cellular respiration. This leads to continual muscle contraction, since ATP is needed to maintain muscle relaxation. Created by teachers for Biology revision. 1. Briefly describe the CPac - Investigating the Effect of Different Antibiotics on Bacteria, and aseptic techniques used in this practical. AnkiWeb. -Producers (photosynthesising organisms e.g. AnkiWeb account - they need to be added from the desktop then Join over 22,000 students who have passed their exams thanks to us! Resources include A-Level Biology Revision Notes, A-Level Biology Help Forums (General Revision + Edexcel, AQA, OCR & WJEC), Exam Specs, Exam Papers, Biology Revision Guides (A Level) & More. Edexcel A Practical Notes also included. 4.36MB. What are the two types of antibiotic resistance? A Level Biology: Topic 5 (Edexcel) 2 Decks - 61 Cards - 27 Learners. Questions organised by topic, past papers & mark schemes. Splicing out of introns using spliceosome enzyme to leave only coding exons, converting pre-mRNA to mature mRNA, How do alternative splicing mechanisms create genetic variation, - some exons can be removed too to create different combinations of mature mRNA to code for many different proteins, Describe how differences in intron structure can be used to determine genetic variation, - same satellites are located on the same position on homologous chromosomes but the number of repeats varies depending on inheritance patterns - it is unlikely for 2 to share the same DNA pattern but the most similar people, the more similar their intron patterns will be, Describe the 5 stages of genetic fingerprinting, 1. A phagocyte engulfs a pathogen and displays the foreign antigens on cell surface using an MHC. Mark schemes for every Edexcel topic. Start studying A level Edexcel BIOLOGY TOPIC 5. Initial Decay - colonisers (anaerobic bacteria) digest through intestines and organs, their respiration produces gases including hydrogen sulphide which causes bloating and odour. Start studying A Level Biology Edexcel Salters Nuffield: Topic 6. Deck covering the entire sixth topic of the A level biology course for the new specification. Gel electrophoresis can be used to separate DNA fragments. Nitrogen Fixation - from atmospheric N2, nitrogen fixing bacteria (on root nodules of legumes) and lightning cause N2 to be converted into ammonia and then into nitrogen compounds in plants, Describe how decomposers break down plant and animal compounds, Describe the structure/components of a bacterial cell, Peptidoglycan cell wall - prevents swelling/bursting, maintains shape and provides support and protection, - shape - cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod), spirilla (squiggly), Describe the process of bacterial transformation, Bacteria cells can take up foreign DNA from dead bacterial cells' plasmids, Describe the process of transduction (bacteria), - bacteriophage attaches to bacterium and inserts genome into host cell, Donor bacterium which has a plasmid to be transferred forms a sex piuls which is a bridge for DNA to be transferred to the recipient bacterial cell, a disease causing agent that is an obligate intracellular parasite (can only replicate within the cells of a living host), it is non-living because it doesn't have ribosomes so cannot reproduce proteins, Describe the viral lytic lifecycle/replication, - bacteriophage attaches to host cell and injects genetic material, Describe the viral lysogenic lifecycle/replication, - bacteriophage attaches to cell receptors and injects genetic material. program. 1. DNA After a few hours, ATP and glycogen stores in muscles runs out as heart stops supplying. A level biology edexcel topic questions If you're ready to pass your Edexcel A-level Biology exam, become a member now to get complete access to our entire library of revised materials. Information about the new Edexcel AS and A levels in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) (2015) for students and teachers, including the draft specification and other key documents. After the file is downloaded, double-click on it to open it in Topic 8: Exchange and Transport in Animals. Extraction - cell sample is mechanically broken down with detergents. So if youre revising Equilibrium for Edexcel A-Level Chemistry, you can find all of the Enthalpy questions that have been ever asked by Edexcel in one single document - useful, no? Microbial Techniques In a culture, microorganisms are provided with the nutrients, level of oxygen, PH and temperature they need to grow in large numbers so they can be observed and measured. The gradual change in internal body temperature until it equals that of the external temperature. At this time, it is not possible to add shared decks directly to inhibit nucleic acid/protein synthesis and enzymatic activity. Producers do not obtain all available solar energy - reflection, transmission through leaf, incorrect wavelength, Describe the 4 key contributors of the carbon cycle, 1. Molecules, Diet, Transport and Health. Written by teachers for the Edexcel (9-1) IGCSE Biology course. Join now not ready to buy a revision kit? Polymerase Chain Reaction; used to amplify DNA when there is not enough to carry out gel electrophoresis, in vitro, denaturation: high temp (95deg) separates the 2 strands by breaking H bonds between bases. Students are expected to carry out the 18 core practical experiments that are Topic 6: Immunity, Infection and Forensics. Describe Skin as a physical barrier to infection, - keratinised layer of dead cells forms a tough and impermeable barrier, Describe the digestive system as a physical barrier to infection, Digestive enzymes in the stomach (pepsin) have a low optimum pH - 2 - HCl, which kills most incoming bacteria due to their enzymes being denatured so cannot carry out metabolic processes, Describe lysozyme as a defence against infection, Enzyme found in mucosal surfaces such as nose, eyes and mouth where it is secreted - it damages bacteria cell walls to cause lysis, Describe the adaptations of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that are beneficial as a pathogen, - thick waxy coat - impermeable cell wall cannot be penetrated by antibiotics, reists enzyme attack and secretes chemicals that block lysozymes from damaging the phagosome it inhabits, Describe the classification of M. Tuberculosis bacteria, Describe the structure of an HIV particle, gp120 glycoprotein receptors which can attach to CD4 receptor sites on T cells, What do reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease do in HIV replication, reverse transcriptase - converts RNA to DNA, Describe how two antiretroviral drugs work, - reverse transcriptase inhibitors - block the functioning of reverse transcriptase to prevent HIV RNA being converted to DNA to prevent replication, the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time, including the colonisation by a pioneer species, The study of insects in relation to the stages of decay of a body, Describe the 3 stages of decay in terms of entomology, 1. Adaptive flashcards that help you learn faster using spaced repetition. We have worked hard to compile every past paper by topic and exam board! intrinsic (innate) and acquired (via random mutation or genetic transfer), Factors promoting antimicrobial resistance. Diet. Atomic Structure & Periodic Table. A chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth without harming body cells (bacteriostatic/cidal), Define bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal antibiotics, Static - stops reproduction/growth by targeting protein synthesis e.g. Email Describe the role of B memory cells in immunity, - some remain as memory cells after infection has passed, which remember the antigen of the pathogen and can quickly recognise and attack, making more antibodies more quickly, which remain in the body for longer and usually destroy the pathogen before symptoms are seen, Describe the role of T helper cells in immunity, - stimulates humoral response (B cells stimulated to produce antibodies) and cell mediated response (T cytotoxic cells stimulated), Describe the role of cytotoxic T cells in the specific immune response, - once bound to the pathogen's antigens, they insert perforin which causes lysis to destroy the pathogen, 1. neutralisation (antibodies attach to antigens of pathogens and prevent them from attaching to and entering host cells, preventing the pathogen's toxins from harming healthy cells, after the primary infection and response, memory cells remain, which can respond quickly to a second invasion before symptoms or damage is done. Factsheets, Articles, PowerPoints, Revision Notes and Practice Questions for Pearson (Edexcel) A Level Biology (B): Topic 6: Microbiology and Pathogens. - sub-optimal levels of the drug e.g. 5 Decks . Classification. Updated 2018-02-24. Factsheets, Articles, PowerPoints, Revision Notes and Practice Questions for Pearson (Edexcel) A Level Biology (A): Topic 6: Immunity, Infection and Forensics. Start studying Topic 4 Biology Edexcel A Level. A Level Biology (Edexcel Salters) Flashcard maker: Bethany Neve. A complete overview of Edexcel AS & A Level Biology (latest spec) Condensed, easy-to-follow revision notes covering every topic. Edexcel Int. 7.3 The heart, Edexcel A-Level Chemistry. Edexcel biological psychology A level. Name the 4 types of immunity and give examples for each combo, Describe the differences between passive and active immunity, active: exposure, lag phase before protection, long term protection, the resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through vaccination, Describe the 3 parts of post-transcriptional modification, 1. MRSA, Explain why blood is a physical barrier to infection, An organised system of organs, cells and molecules that interact together to defend the body against disease and foreign substances, Name the 4 non-specific responses of the immune system, Describe how lysozyme carries out a non-specific immune response, Describe how interferon carries out a non-specific immune response, Describe how inflammation is used as a non-specific immune response, - response to tissue damage, triggered by damaged cells which release histamines and prostaglandins, Describe the role of Plasma B cells in specific immune responses.
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